Cats often hide illnesses well, making early detection of health problems challenging for owners. Recognizing subtle changes in behavior or physical condition can prevent severe complications. Below are 10 critical signs that may indicate your cat needs veterinary attention.

1. Sudden Weight Loss or Gain

Unexplained weight changes-even a 10% shift-can signal metabolic disorders like hyperthyroidism, diabetes, or gastrointestinal issues. Monitor your cat's body condition regularly and consult a vet if the change persists.

2. Changes in Appetite or Water Intake

A cat that suddenly stops eating, overeats, or drinks excessive water may have dental disease, diabetes, or kidney problems. Persistent refusal to eat for more than 24 hours warrants immediate care.

3. Frequent Vomiting or Diarrhea

While occasional hairballs are normal, frequent vomiting, diarrhea, or blood in stool suggests infections, parasites, food intolerance, or organ dysfunction. Dehydration from these symptoms is life-threatening if untreated.

4. Litter Box Avoidance or Straining

Urinating outside the box or straining to defecate could indicate urinary tract infections, bladder stones, constipation, or arthritis. Immediate vet care is crucial for cats unable to pass urine, as it's a medical emergency.

5. Persistent Coughing or Sneezing

Chronic coughing, wheezing, or sneezing may point to asthma, respiratory infections, or heartworm disease. Note if these symptoms are accompanied by nasal discharge or lethargy.

6. Lethargy or Decreased Activity

A usually active cat that becomes withdrawn, sleeps excessively, or shows disinterest in surroundings may be battling infection, anemia, or chronic pain. This is especially concerning in kittens or senior cats.

7. Dull or Matted Coat

A healthy coat should be shiny and clean. Significant shedding, matting, excessive scratching, or bald patches can indicate parasites (like fleas), allergies, or hormonal imbalances.

8. Abnormal Eye or Nose Discharge

Cloudy, red, or swollen eyes, along with thick nasal discharge, often signal upper respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, or corneal ulcers. Seek help if discharge is persistent or affects vision.

9. Behavioral Changes

Aggressive behavior, sudden hiding, or litter box accidents without prior history can be stress-related or linked to pain, cognitive dysfunction, or neurological issues.

10. Bad Breath or Drooling

Persistent halitosis, excessive drooling, or pawing at the mouth may suggest dental disease, oral tumors, or nausea. Dental issues can lead to systemic infections if untreated.

When to See a Veterinarian

If your cat exhibits any of these signs for more than 24-48 hours, consult a vet promptly. Early intervention improves outcomes for conditions ranging from minor infections to life-threatening diseases. Monitor your cat's daily habits closely and trust your instincts-your vigilance is key to their well-being.