Introduction

Intestinal worms are a common health concern for cats worldwide, posing risks to both feline well-being and human safety. Understanding how to identify these parasites, implement effective deworming strategies, and minimize zoonotic transmission is essential for pet owners and veterinary professionals alike.

Common Intestinal Worms in Cats

1. Roundworms (Toxocara cati)

Roundworms are the most prevalent intestinal parasites in cats, especially in kittens. These pale, spaghetti-like worms can grow up to 10 cm in length. Infection occurs through ingestion of eggs from contaminated environments or via transmission from mother to kitten through milk. Symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss, and a potbellied appearance.

2. Tapeworms (Dipylidium caninum, Taenia taeniaeformis)

Tapeworms are flat, segmented worms transmitted when cats ingest infected fleas or prey animals (e.g., rodents). Segments resembling rice grains may be visible near the cat's anus or in feces. Infected cats may exhibit mild gastrointestinal symptoms or none at all, though some show increased appetite without weight gain.

3. Hookworms (Ancylostoma tubaeforme, Ancylostoma braziliense)

Hookworms are small, thread-like parasites that attach to the intestinal lining, feeding on blood. Infection occurs through skin penetration by larvae or ingestion. Symptoms include anemia, dark stools, and weakness, particularly in kittens.

4. Whipworms (Trichuris vulpis)

Whipworms are less common but can cause colitis, weight loss, and diarrhea in cats. Transmission occurs via ingestion of eggs from contaminated soil or water.

Identification and Diagnosis

Veterinarians diagnose intestinal worms through fecal flotation tests, which detect parasite eggs. Tape tests or direct visual inspection identify tapeworm segments. Kittens and outdoor cats are at higher risk and should be tested regularly.

Safe Deworming Protocols

Medications

Effective dewormers include:

• Pyantel pamoate: Targets roundworms, hookworms, and some whipworms.

• Praziquantel: Treats tapeworms.

• Combination products offer broad-spectrum coverage. Always follow veterinary guidelines for dosage based on weight and species.

Schedule

• Kittens: Deworm at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age.
• Adults: Treat every 3 months or more frequently for outdoor cats.
• Nursing queens: Deworm alongside kittens to prevent transmission.

Environmental Sanitation

1. Feces Management: Remove feces daily from litter boxes, avoiding direct contact. Use disposable gloves and a scoop with a long handle.

2. Disinfection: Clean litter boxes with hot water and bleach (1:32 dilution) or steam cleaning to kill eggs.

3. Outdoor Areas: Dispose of cat waste properly and prevent defecation in sandboxes or gardens.

4. Flea Control: Eliminate fleas on pets and in homes to prevent tapeworm reinfection.

Zoonotic Risks

Several feline intestinal worms pose risks to humans:

• Toxocariasis: Roundworm larvae can migrate through human tissues, causing visceral or ocular larva migrans, especially in children.

• Echinococcosis: Echinococcus tapeworms may lead to cyst formation in humans through accidental ingestion of eggs. Preventive measures include regular deworming, handwashing after handling pets or soil, and avoiding raw meat consumption.

Conclusion

Proactive identification and management of intestinal worms are critical for maintaining feline health and protecting human family members. Regular veterinary consultations, adherence to deworming schedules, and rigorous hygiene practices form the foundation of effective parasite control.